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UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM
SCHOOL OF LAW
GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS
JOURNALS
1. EASTERN AFRICA LAW REVIEW
2. NYERERE LAW JOURNAL
GENERAL
Submission of Articles
Authors are invited to submit their manuscripts in English on any topic in law. Manuscripts
should be submitted to the Chief Editor, accompanied by an assurance (a signed
declaration) that the article has not been published, submitted, or accepted for publication
elsewhere, and that no plagiarism has been committed. The format of the Declaration is
appended hereto.
Authors are requested to submit their manuscript by electronic mail (Word attachment,
1997-2003 compatible) to udsmlawjournals@gmail.com
Plagiarism Check
The Editors will run each article through the anti-plagiarism software. Authors must check
their articles for plagiarism before sending them to the Chief Editor and also before signing
the anti-plagiarism declaration. Any article found to have been plagiarized will be rejected
outright.
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Title
The title of articles must not exceed 15 words. This includes punctuation marks if used.
The title must be capitalized and rendered in Bold, Arial 12 Pt and aligned to the
centre.
Author’s Names, Titles, Affiliations and Acknowledgements
The names of the author should be written in full in the order of first name, middle name
(if any) and surname, and must appear immediately below the title, followed by an email
address. The author's institutional and professional affiliation, if any, biographical
information and/or acknowledgements should be provided in a first footnote, which should
be asterisked and not numbered
Abstract and Keywords
Authors must provide an abstract at the beginning of the article. The abstract must strictly
not exceed 150 words, with no footnotes, and in Aerial, size 10. The abstract must be
indented on both sides.
Authors should also provide a maximum of five to six key words immediately after the
abstract. Please pay particular attention in the selection of keywords. Compound nouns
and phrases are accepted.
Length of Articles
Articles should not exceed 10,000 words in length, including abstract and footnotes. In
exceptional circumstances, the Editors may extend this limit to 12,000 words for an article
that makes an important (exceptional) contribution to the field of law.
Consideration of Manuscripts
Editors will acknowledge receipt of all manuscripts. Also, after receiving comments from
reviewers or a review panel, the Chief Editor will give a notification of acceptance,
rejection or need for revision to authors usually within 12 weeks of receipt of an article.
Short Articles
The Journal also accepts short articles (2,000 – 4,000 words) for publication. This
includes book reviews, case notes, commentaries on new legislation and any other
important pieces of writing raising serious or important legal issues, such as valedictory
speeches, professorial inaugural lectures or speeches, etc. Not more than 2 short articles
can be published in one issue.
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Note
Contributors wishing to review a book should contact the Chief Editor for a list of titles
that may be available for review.
Language, Spelling and Editing
Only articles written in standard (grammatically correct and structurally good) British
English and spelling will be accepted. Authors are advised to ensure that they edit or
proofread their articles before submission. Articles with serious structural or grammatical
mistakes shall be rejected. Authors who do not have good mastery of written English are
advised to seek assistance from professional language editors. This step will enable
journal editors and reviewers to concentrate on the substance of the article.
FORMAT REQUIREMENTS
Headings and Fonts
All headings should be in Arial font, preceded by a blank line and (except for heading
4) aligned to the left.
All headings must be numbered in Arabic numerals. Roman numbers and alphabets are
strictly NOT allowed. Only 4 levels of headings are allowed. Each level of heading must
strictly comply with the following specific instructions.
Both the main text, footnotes and indented quotations should be in Aerial font and the
font size should be as follows:
• Main text in 12pt
• Footnotes 10pt
• Indented quotations in 11
Line Spacing
• Main text in 1.5
• Footnotes 1.0
Heading one (e.g. 1): should be in BOLD, UPPER CASE, ARIAL 12 pt
Heading two: (e.g. 1.1): should be in Bold, Sentence Case, Arial 12pt
Heading 3 (e.g. 1.1.1): should be in italics, not bold, Sentence Case, Arial 12 pt
Heading 4 (e.g.1.1.1.1): should be in italics, not bold, Sentence Case. Arial 12 pt, and
indented on the left (1 cm).
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• Indented Quotations 1.0
• Abstract 1.0
Paragraphs
All paragraphs should start at the margin. Using the line spacing options in MS Word, a
space should be ‘added’ after each paragraph. Do not leave a blank line between
paragraphs. The entire text should be fully justified.
Foreign words and phrases
Use italics only for truly foreign words (except foreign language proper nouns). Do not
italicize words and abbreviations generally accepted in the English language (e.g., inter
alia, de facto, ibid, i.e. etc.). All other foreign phrases should be followed by a brief
translation either in square brackets or in an explanatory footnote.
Quotations
Use double quotation marks (“…”) when directly quoting a text from a source. In the main
text (not in the footnotes) quotations that are more than 4 lines long in text should be
indented (1 cm) on both sides, presented without quotation marks. Do not use ellipses
or dots (…..) at the beginning or end of an indented quote. To indicate where words or
phrases have been omitted from within a quotation, use only three dots “…”.
Note
Unless they are truly inevitable, direct (verbatim) quotations are highly discouraged.
Editors shall, where inevitable, ask authors to remove such quotations before the article
can be considered for publication.
Punctuation
Punctuation should be “outside” quotation marks (unless the punctuation is clearly part of
the quotation) and footnote superscript numbers should come after punctuation mark.
Numerals

In the main body of text, numbers and ordinals from one to ten (inclusive) should
be spelled out; after that use digits: E.g.
• One, two, three,… ten, 11, 12
• First, second, … tenth, 11th, 12th

Use the longer “n dash” to separate groups of digits for page numbers and dates.
• E.g. 20–24; 125–28

When citing page numbers, abbreviate figures in the hundreds or thousands as
appropriate
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• E.g. 125–28 (instead of 125–128); 1923–25 (instead of 1923–1925); 2345–51
(instead of 2345–2351)

Always use digits for footnotes, percentages and references to sections or pages
of a document. Examples:
• 2 per cent, 6 %
• Page 7
• S. 12 of the Law of Marriage Act.
Dates
When writing dates, use the style “10 February 1989”; “1988–89”; “1990s”.
Footnotes
• Footnotes, and not endnotes, should be used. Use “above” and “below” to refer to
other footnotes in the article. DO NOT use supra, op cit, loc cit, infra, etc.
• Heavy footnoting is discouraged; unless it is truly necessary, avoid putting long
texts in the footnotes.
Abbreviations
Use the following abbreviations: p/pp. (for page/pages); para/paras. (for
paragraph/paragraphs); s/ss. (for section/sections of the law); art/arts. (for article/articles
of a law, Treaty, Constitutions etc).
Multiple Authors
When citing a source written or edited by multiple authors, observe the following:
• If the number of authors is three or less, cite all authors or editors.
• If the number of authors/editors is four and above, please only cite the first author
and add “et.al” (meaning “and others”) for the rest of the authors/editors.
Organization as Author
If a publication is issued by an organization (or association, commission, corporation,
NGO, etc) and has no personal author’s name on the title page, list the organization itself
as author, even if it is also given as publisher.
CITATIONS IN FOOTNOTES
Adhere strictly to the following formulae when citing your sources in the footnotes. Any
article not adhering to the style provided here will be returned to the author.
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Note
Observe the use and place of punctuation marks (commas, colons etc) brackets,
arrangement of items, etc. in each respective category of sources.
Books
Author’s surname and initials, Title in Italics (edition, if any), Place of Publication:
Publisher, year (no brackets), at page number of quote. Examples:
• Malanczuk, P., Modern Introduction to International Law (7th Revised Edn.),
London: Routledge, 1997, at p. 23
• Turabian, K.L., A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses and
Dissertations (7th Edn.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007, at p. 25.
Chapters in Edited Books
Author’s surname and initials “Chapter tile” in Editor’s (or editors’) surname(s) and initials
(ed./eds.), Book Title in Italics, city of publication, publisher, year (without brackets), page
number of beginning of respective chapter, at page number where the idea is found.
Examples:
• Materu, S.F., “A Strained Relationship: Reflections on the African Unions’ Stand
towards the International Criminal Court from the Kenyan Experience”, in Werle,
G.; Fernandez, L.; and Vormbaum, M. (eds.) Africa and the International Criminal
Court, The Hague: T.M.C Asser Press, 2014, p. 211 at p. 223.
• Majamba, H.I. and Longopa, E.E.,”Post-2015 Legislative and Policy Reforms for
Oil and Gas”, in Kweka, O.L. and Majamba, H.I. (eds.), Scientific, Legal and
Economic Aspects of Oil and Gas in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam: University of Dar
es Salaam, 2018, p. 40, at pp. 53–7.
Journal Articles
Author’s surname and initials “Article title” volume (issue, if any), Title of Journal (in full)
in Italics, year, page number of beginning of article, at page number of quote.
• Tizeba, T., “The Symbiotic Relationship between Illicit Financial Flows and Money
Laundering in Africa”, 44(2) Eastern Africa Law Review, 2017, p.1, at p. 14.
• Werle, G. and Burghardt, B., “Do Crimes against Humanity Require the
Participation of a State or a “State-Like” Organization?, 10(5) Journal of
International Criminal Justice, p. 1151, at pp.1167 –70.
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Official Reports
Name of author/institution issuing the report, Title of the Report in Italics, Place of
Publication: Publisher, Year, at page number of quote - Examples:
• Human Rights Watch, Ballots to Bullets: Weapons Proliferation, Political Violence
and Human Rights in Kenya, New York: Human Rights Watch, 2002, at p. 16.
• Republic of Kenya, Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Post-election
Violence, Nairobi: Government Printer, 2008, at pp. 102–12.
Theses and Dissertations
Author’s surname and initials “Title of Thesis/Dissertation”, PhD Thesis / LL.M
Dissertation, Name of University, Year, at page number of quotes.
• Peter, Y., “Prosecuting Money Laundering in Tanzania: Legal and Practical
Challenges”, LL.M Dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam, 2018, at p. 34.
• Mwanga, E., “Integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems into Climate Change
Strategies in Tanzania: Examination of Legal and Policy Challenges” Ph.D Thesis,
University of Dar es Salaam, 2019, at pp. 176–9.
Newspaper Articles (Print and Electronic)
Print Newspaper
Author’s surname and initials “Title of article”, Title of Newspaper in italics, (place of
Publication), date month and year of publication, at page number referred.
• Kolumbia, L., “President John Magufuli: No Tenure Extension,” The Citizen (Dar
es Salaam), 19 December 2019, at p. 1.
Online Newspapers
Author’s surname and initials “Title of article”, Title of Newspaper in italics, (Place of
Publication) date month and year of publication, available at <URL/internet link>, (date
accessed).
• Kolumbia, L., “President John Magufuli: No Tenure Extension,” The Citizen (Dar
es Salaam), 19 December 2019, available at <https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news
/1840340-5391630-9wru7b/index.html> (accessed 20 December 2019).
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Unpublished Papers (Conference Papers or Research Papers, etc.)
Author’s surname and initials, “Title of paper” (paper presented at name of conference)
place, date, at page number of quote.
• Amao, F., “Universalism and African Union Law: An Uncomfortable Synthesis of
Universalism and African Traditions?” (paper presented at the 114th Annual
Conference on International Law and Universality), Manchester, 13-15 September
2018) at p. 7.
Electronic (Internet/Online) Sources
Use the phrase “available at: <http://…>” when citing, and provide date last accessed in
brackets. Remove all hyperlinks. Cite using the following formula.
Author’s initials and surname (or if authors is not a natural person, then name of the
organization/institution publishing the material) “Title of the document”, (Place of
Publication (if available): publisher (if available), year (if available), at page number of
quote (if available), available at <URL/internet link>, (date accessed)
Examples
• OECD, “Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Awareness Handbook for Tax
Examiners and Tax Auditors”, Paris: OECD, 2019, at p. 15, available at
<https://www.oecd.org/tax/crime/money-laundering-and-terrorist-financingawareness-
handbook-for-tax-examiners-and-tax-auditors.pdf> (accessed 20
December 2019).
• Ischebeck, J., “Money Laundering in Africa: What you Need to Know,” available at
<https://moguldom.com/211905/money-laundering-in-africa-what-you-need-toknow/>
(accessed 18 December 2019).
Note: Do not cite the URL/internet link alone; you must provide the full facts of the
publication, as far as they can be determined.
Cases
Cite cases in accordance with the normal practice in the relevant jurisdiction. If the case
is reported, cite it according to the citation style of the respective Law Report.
Note
• Names of parties to the case must be italicized. The rest of the citation should NOT
be in italics.
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• When writing the parties, use v.
• DO NOT use ‘versus’ or ‘vs’.
Examples
• Bloggs v. Smith [2001] 3 XYZ LR 76, at p……
• Nicaragua Case (Admissibility & Jurisdiction) (Nicaragua v. USA), ICJ Reports, at
p…..
• Director of Public Prosecution v. Daudi Pete [1993] TLR 22, at p....
• Okunda v. R. [1970] EA 453, at p. 461.
• Salomon v. Commissioner of Customs & Exercise [1967] 2 QB 116, at p. 143.
• Alex John v. The Republic, Court of Appeal of Tanzania at Dar es Salaam, Criminal
Appeal No. 129 of 2006 (Unreported), at p. 12.
Interviews
When the interviewer is the author: surname and initials of interviewee (if there is no
anonymity) Interview by Author (Date and Place of the interview). E.g.
• Peter, C.M., Interview by author (20 March 2016, UDSM, Dar es Salaam).
When the interviewer was not the author: Initial and surname of interviewee (only if he
does not prefer anonymity, Interview by … (name of interviewer) (date and place of
interview). E.g.
• Peter, C.M., Interview by Romward, T. (20 March 2016, UDSM, Dar es Salaam).
Abbreviating and Cross-referencing Citations
When citing a source that has already been cited in a previous footnote, do not repeat
the whole citation again. Abbreviate the citation as follows.
Author’s surname, Abbreviated Title in Appropriate format for Book/Article etc, above at
note XX, at p….
Examples
• First citation (assume was in footnote 3)
Malanczuk, P., Modern Introduction to International Law (7th Revised Edn),
London: Routledge, 1997, at p. 23
Subsequent citation: Malanczuk, Modern Introduction to International Law, above
note 3, at p.26.
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• First citation (assume was in footnote number 15)
Materu, S.F., “A Strained Relationship: Reflections on the African Unions’ Stand
towards the International Criminal Court from the Kenyan Experience,” in Werle,
G.; Fernandez, L.; and Vormbaum, M. (eds.) Africa and the International Criminal
Court, The Hague: T.M.C Asser Press, 2014, p. 211 at p. 223.
Subsequent citation:
Materu, A Strained Relationship, above note 15, at p. 225.
• First citation (assume was in footnote 20)
Tizeba, T., “The Symbiotic Relationship between Illicit Financial Flows and Money
Laundering in Africa,” 44(2) Eastern Africa Law Review, 2017, p.1, at p. 14.
Subsequent citation
Tizeba, The Symbiotic Relationship, above note 20, at p. 6.
Note

Use “ibid” to refer to an immediately preceding work with the same page number.
Use “id” to refer to an immediately preceding work with a different page number.
Examples:
1. Malanczuk, Modern Introduction to International Law, above note 3, at p.26.
2. Id, at p. 28.
3. Tizeba, The Symbiotic Relationship, above note 20, at p. 6.
4. Ibid.

DO NOT use op cit, loc.cit, supra, infra to refer to other footnotes.

Always check the accuracy of all cross-referenced footnotes before submitting the
article to editors. Articles with distorted cross-references will be returned to
authors.
OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Other important things to observe in citation
• Add a full stop at the end of every footnote.
• When citing authors/editors’ names, DO NOT add space between two initials;
every author/editor’s initial must be followed by a full stop. E.g. Peter, C.M.; Fimbo,
G.M.; Wambali, M.K.B.
• “Place” of Publication refers to the CITY and not the country where the publisher
is located.
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• If you cite any other type of sources not covered in these Guidelines (e.g.
audio/video recordings, television programmes or other broadcast sources, live
performances, etc), please choose the most convenient way of citation, which, to
the extent possible, should be consistent with the citation style given for the
sources covered in these Guidelines (e.g. in terms of arrangement/position of
names, dates, year, URL, etc). You must strictly maintain consistency throughout.
APPENDIX
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DECLARATION
I/we……………………………………………………………………(name of author/authors),
who wishes/wish to submit my/our article for publication in the
…………………………………………………………………………(name of Journal) do
hereby declare that the article has not been published nor has it been submitted or
accepted for publication elsewhere. I/we also declare that the article is my/our original
work and that it has not been plagiarized.
Signature(s):_______________________
Declared at: ____________________________ on: _______________________